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The development of triple-class resistance is rare in patients who initiate antiretroviral therapy with a regimen that includes either a potent NNRTI or a boosted PI.

In a small nationwide survey in the U.S., a striking 18% of recently infected adolescents had genotypic evidence of transmitted drug resistance.

An expert's take on the most clinically relevant reports from this year's resistance meeting

Five to ten percent of treatment-naive patients in these settings have primary drug resistance, according to data presented at the 2008 International AIDS Conference.

Data from the Women and Infants Transmission Study reinforce the importance of genotypic resistance testing in treatment-naive HIV-infected pregnant women.

An expert’s take on the most clinically relevant findings from this year’s resistance meeting

Two new studies suggest that 10% of treatment-naive patients in Europe — and 20% of treated patients in the U.K. specifically — have resistance to HIV drugs.

Low-frequency mutations are relatively common among treatment-naive patients and seem to influence outcome, but the more-sensitive assays to detect them aren’t yet ready for clinical use.

A comprehensive report from the U.K. indicates a recent decline in the rate of transmitted drug resistance.

Despite stable CD4-cell counts and viral loads, patients with detectable viremia on antiretroviral therapy accumulate resistance mutations and lose future treatment options.

Transmitted HIV-drug resistance appears to have increased over time in a large cohort from Europe and Canada, but what actually constitutes significant antiretroviral drug resistance?

In a cohort of patients with extensive treatment experience and stable CD4-cell counts, genotypic resistance emerged slowly over a median follow-up of 9 months.

Approximately one quarter of patients developed resistance mutations during treatment interruption; the rate was particularly high (50%) among those on NNRTI-based regimens.

A small, but well-designed study suggests that blips <200 copies/mL are the result of normal statistical variation and don't cause or prefigure resistance.

We asked three experts which antiretroviral regimen they would recommend next for a patient with triple-class resistance and low-level viremia — and got three different answers.

Even when components of an NNRTI-based regimen were stopped in a staggered fashion, NNRTI resistance emerged in 20% of patients.

A case report provides at least some reassurance that failure of antiretroviral prophylaxis does not necessarily result in drug resistance.

The latest guidelines include new recommendations on resistance testing, earlier initiation of therapy, and use of HLA B*5701 testing in patients considering abacavir.

Most patients with a history of PI treatment probably harbor virus that is susceptible to darunavir.

Entecavir, a drug previously thought to have exclusive HBV activity, has now been shown to have anti-HIV activity and hence potentially to select for HIV resistance if not given with concomitant antiretroviral therapy.