- Anal Pap smear (Table 4) for persons with advanced HIV-related immunodeficiency, smokers, those with current or previous anal condyloma.
- Anoscopy, anal biomicroscopy ("colposcopy") can be considered on a routine basis for those believed to be at particularly high risk.
- Biopsy of any abnormality seen on anoscopy or anal biomicroscopy.
- Frequent anoscopic follow-up of abnormalities previously identified (every 3-6 months).
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