Table 5. Standard Treatment Approaches for Anal Neoplasia

  • Ablative therapy after four-quadrant biopsy to rule out invasive cancer. (Electrocautery, cryoablation, or laser ablation may be performed at the discretion of the treating physician.)
  • For invasive anal cancer: surgical excision 6 local radiotherapy may be considered for small, localized cancers with minimal depth of invasion.
  • Combined modality therapy (external beam radiotherapy + 5-fluorouracil / mitomycin or 5-fluorouracil / cisplatinum chemotherapy).