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Categories of Risk Factors Potential Prevention Strategies Maternal infection illness stage: Increased viral load; decreased CD4+ count; advanced maternal disease. Antiretroviral therapy: 076 regimen, abbreviated regimens, or combination therapy. Fetal exposure to maternal body fluids: Vaginal delivery; prolonged labor and/or rupture of membranes; scalp electrode; forceps; vacuum. Modification of OB procedures: Elective cesarean section; avoid rupture of membrane; avoid operative vaginal delivery; avoid unnecessary instrumentation.

Adapted from: Orloff SL et al. Determinants of perinatal HIV-1 transmission. Clinic Obstet Gynecol 1996 June; 39:386-95.