Table 1. Causes of Sexual Dysfunction in HIV-Negative Men

Type of Condition Mechanism of Dysfunction Specific Disease and Drug

Vascular Arterial insufficiency Atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease
Veno-occlusive incompetence Diabetes mellitus
Neurologic Peripheral autonomic nervous system dysfunction neuronal lossTransection of nerve fibers during pelvic surgery
Disordered neurotransmitter signaling Neurotransmitter agonist or antagonist antihypertensives, antidepressants
Central nervous system dysfunction Stroke, multiple sclerosis
Endocrinologic Androgen deficiency Cirrhosis, alcoholism
Testicular failure
Hypothalamic-pituitary disease
Prolactin excess
Estrogen excess
Inhibition of androgen action drugs Spironolactone, cimetidine, ketoconazole, megasterol
Thyroid disease
Psychiatric Psychogenic inhibition of erotic response Depression, performance anxiety